Maternal Risk Factors of Low Birth weight Newborn

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight newborn has high risks of mortality and morbidity more than normal birth weight newborn that regard as national public health problem. Thus,thestudy ofmaternal Risk factors for low birth weightnewborn will provide benefit for guideline of treatment planning and problem solving.
Objective: To identify maternal risk factors of low birth weight newborn
Setting: All of the government hospitals in Buriram Province
Design: retrospective cohort study
Method: 2,944 mothers who delivered live birthnewborn at GA 28 weeks duringJanuary 1, 2009 to July 31, 2009 at all the government hospitals in Buriram Province were included. 246 mothers were the study group (birth weight <2,500 gm) and 2,698 mothers were the control group (birth weight 2,500 gm). Data collectionsare made from deliveryrecordsand medicalrecords.Maternal Informations included biosocioeconomic status, medical and obstetrical status and nutritional status. Data were analyzed by both univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: Low birth weightrate was 8.36%. Univariate analysisshowed that maternaleducation lowerthan high school, family income < 5,000 Baht/month,BMI < 20 Prepregnancy weight 45 kgs, Pregnancy weight gain<10 kgs,smokingoralcoholdrinking duringpregnancy, HIV infection, history ofunderlying disease before pregnancy, history of delivery low birth weight baby (< 2,500 gm),nulliparous, NoANC or ANC < 4visits, obstetricalcomplication, gestational age< 37 weeks and twins were risk factors. After Multiple logistic regression analysis was done, the factors which were statistically significant were gestaional age< 37 weeks (OR 38, 95%CI 23 - 63), twins (OR10, 95%CI3.2- 32),smoking during pregnancy (OR 6.3,95%CI 1.3 - 30), HIVinfection (OR 6, 95%CI 1.8 - 20), history of delivery lowbirth weightbaby (<2,500 gm) (OR 4.5, 95%CI 2.6 -7.8), Pregnancy weightgain <10kgs (OR 3.1,95%CI 2.3-4.3),prepregnancy weight 45 kgs (OR 2.19,95%CI 1.5 - 3.0)and nulliparous (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.2 - 2.4)
Conclusion: Gestatational age<37 weeks, twins, smoking during pregnancy, HIV infection, history of delivery low birth weight baby, pregnancy weight gain <10 kgs, prepregnancy weight 45 kgs and nulliparous were significant risk factors of having low birth weight newborn. There should be more concerns for pregnant women with these risk factors and study the causes and prevention of preterm delivery in order to prevent low birth weight newborn and their unpleasant outcomes.