Mortality and Prognosis of very Low Birth Weight Infants: 6 Years Review

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Published: Apr 30, 2021
Keywords:
Very low birthweight infant

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Pakarat Sangkla
Department of Pediatric, Surin Hospital, Surin Province, Thailand, 32000

Abstract

Background: Infant with very low birth weight (under 1,500 grams) has high mortality rate and morbidity according to preterm condition and treatment’s complications. Even though the current care of very low birthweight infant has been continuously improving, mortality rate among hospitals is still varied by setting and period of study. Literature review of international studies found the mortality rate of very low birthweight infant is declined but its morbidity rate in certain conditions is still high and affects the infant’s health in accordance with data from Thailand.
Objective: To study mortality rate and outcome of treatment in very low birthweight infant at Surin hospital
Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted, all very low birthweight infants hospitalized at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and sick newborn ward of Surin hospital during fiscal year of 2012 to 2017 (October 1st 2011 to September 30th 2017). Data collection was retrieved from hospital database including in-patient medical record, labor progress note, referral form and out-patient medical record. Data was then analyzed for mortality rate, disease progression and treatment outcome. During period of the study, there were 603 very low birthweight infants included, which of this were 314 males (52.1%), mean birthweight was 1148.28+247.89 grams (30% of cases were below 1,000 grams), most of infants delivered at Surin hospital (83.7%) and 138 infants died (22.9%) during the study. Morality rate was highest in 2014 (34.7%) and lowest in 2017 (13%). The leading causes of death were respiratory distress syndrome (47.8%) following by late neonatal sepsis (20.3%). There were 412 infants survived and discharged from the hospital (68.3%). Major complications were bronchopulmonary dysplasia which of this was severe BPD 21.4% and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP stage3,4)12.5 %. There were 51 (8.1%) infants referred for advanced treatment of ROP 33 cases, patent ductus arteriosus ligation 12 cases and other conditions 9 cases. Parent of two infants had refused to treatment according to multiple congenital anomalies.
Conclusion: Despite the mortality rate of very low birthweight infant is much lower than the past, the morbidity rate is still high. Therefore, development of patient care in order to decrease mortality and minimizing complication is the goal. Moreover, preventive care for preterm labor is also the important key to decrease risk of very low birthweight that consequently resulted in mortality and long-term morbidity.
Keywords: Very low birthweight infant

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How to Cite
Sangkla, P. . . (2021). Mortality and Prognosis of very Low Birth Weight Infants: 6 Years Review. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF SISAKET SURIN BURIRAM HOSPITALS, 36(1), 207–217. retrieved from https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MJSSBH/article/view/250529
Issue
Vol. 36 No. 1 (2021): January - April 2021
Section
Original Articles

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