Clinical Manifestation and Risk Factors for Severity in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019
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Abstract
Background: The ongoing global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) isthe major problem in the world. COVID-19 patients can have severe symptoms and complications, including pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and death. Infections in children are less common than in adults. This study aimed to identify clinical manifestations and risk factors for severity in children with COVID-19.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study collected data from the consultation records of all patients aged less than 15 years. COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal specimens. All patients were treated in Surin Province between April 1st and July 31st, 2021. Demographic data, severity of illness and possible factors related to disease severity were collected.
Results: A total of 274 patients were included in the study. One hundred and fifty-nine cases (58%) were male. The median age was 7 (IQR 3-10) years. Ninety percent of transmission came from infected family members. Eighteen patients (6.6%) had comorbidity, especially obesity (55.6%). The common clinical manifestations include cough, fever, runny nose and sore throat. Sixteen percent of the patients had abnormal CXR which the majority were ground-glass opacities. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients (83.6%) had asymptomatic infection or mild disease and 45 patients (16.4%) had moderate or severe disease. Factors associated with moderate to severe disease were co-morbidity (adjusted OR 11.3; 95% CI 2.56-49.87, p-value 0.001) and fever (adjusted OR 5.41; 95% CI 2.32-12.63, p-value <0.001).
Conclusions: In this study of COVID-19 patients aged less than 15 years, the risk factors for severity of the disease were co-morbidity and fever. Patients who have these risk factors should have early treatment and close monitoring.
Keywords: COVID-19 in children
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