Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm less than 32 weeks or Birth Weight less than 1,500 grams in Buri Ram Hospital
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Abstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants caused by infection, pneumonia, congenital heart disease. BPD causes infants to long hospital stays, higher costs, delayed growth and development.
Objective: To analyze clinical characteristics and risk factors of very low birth weight infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
Methods: Retrospective chart review to collect demographic data, risk factors, incidence of BPD were analyzed for 246 VLBW infants in the period from 2015 to 2021. The sample size calculated was 123 VLBW infants for each group. Clinical feature and potential risk factor were compared between groups with Chi-square test or nonparametric test. Risk factor for BPD were analyzed with Logistic regression analysis.
Results: Among the total of 246 neonates and 123 for each. In BPD severity grade I, II, III were 81 (65.9%), 32 (26%) and 10 (8.1%) respectively. There were significant difference in the average gestational age (28 (27 , 30) vs. 31 (30 , 31) weeks) or the average birth weight 1,104.3 (± 248.0) vs. 1,370.9 (± 246.6) g between BPD and no BPD group (p- value <0.001). Risk factors for the development of BPD were number doses of blood transfusion adjust OR (95%CI) 1.37 (1.05 , 1.78), p = 0.021, hospital acquired pneumonia adjust OR (95%CI) 4.67 (1.60 , 13.61), p = 0.005 and duration of intubation adjust OR (95%CI) 1.16 (1.05 , 1.27), p = 0.003.
Conclusions: BPD is more common in very low birth weight infants. Using NCPAP in delivery room, preventing nosocomial infection, reducing invasive ventilation and red blood cell transfusion may decrease the incidence of BPD.
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