The Effectiveness of Health Behavior Modification Program on Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Hypertension and Diabetes Patients in Nongbuadaeng Hospital Chaiyaphum Province

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is global public health problem. Cardiovascular disease is a complication that frequently found in patient with diabetics and hypertension because they have higher chance of developing atherosclerosis and stenosis than normal. It is severe when blood sugar or blood pressure cannot be controlled or blood lipid is abnormal. The most effective prevention of cardiovascular disease is behavior modification along with control of disease promoting factors.
Objectives: To study the effectiveness of the cardiovascular disease reduction program and to reduce cardiovascular disease score in Nongbuadaeng hospital, Chaiyaphum.
Methodology: This quasi-experimental research employed a one group pre-posttest design. The participants consisted of 233 diabetic and hypertensive patients who attended the Non-communicable Disease clinic at Nong Bua Daeng Hospital between January 1st 2022 and December 31st 2023. The research instrument utilized a group counseling program based on guidelines for modifying health behaviors related to food, exercise, emotions, smoking and alcohol cessation, and medication adherence. Descriptive statistics, and Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test were used for data analysis.
Results: The study results found that the majority of study participants were male, accounting for 68.2%. Their average age was 64.1(± 3.4) years. After participating in the program, the average values of BMI, Triglyceride, Body weight, and SBP of the sample group were significantly lower than before, with statistical significance. The BMI (kg/m2) before and after the program had values of 28.8 and 28.4, respectively (p-value 0.031). The average Triglyceride levels(mg/dl) before and after the program were 187.2 and 168.9, respectively (p-value 0.007). The average Body weight(kg) before and after the program were 70.1 and 69.6, respectively (p-value 0.026). Additionally, the average SBP (mmHg) before and after the program were 143.5 and 140.1, respectively (p-value 0.001). The sample group was able to decrease their level of risk according to the Thai CV risk score after participating in the program, with a decrease of 17.1%.
Conclusions: Behavior modification programs can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and CV risk score in diabetics and hypertension patients.