Rosai–Dorfman Disease of the Breast Mimicking Carcinoma: A Case Report
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Abstract
Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder that can mimic malignancy both clinically and radiologically. Breast involvement is exceptionally uncommon and may lead to diagnostic misinterpretation. We report this case to highlight the importance of histopathology in achieving a definitive diagnosis and avoiding overtreatment.
A 60-year-old woman with underlying rheumatoid arthritis presented with a palpable right breast mass. Mammography and ultrasonography were highly suggestive of malignancy (BI-RADS 5). Core needle biopsy revealed an inflammatory process without definite evidence of malignancy. A subsequent wide excision demonstrated numerous large histiocytes with emperipolesis, positive for S100 and CD68 on immunohistochemistry, confirming the diagnosis of Rosai–Dorfman disease. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed on follow-up.
Breast Rosai–Dorfman disease is an uncommon entity that may closely simulate carcinoma on clinical and imaging evaluation. Recognizing this diagnostic pitfall is crucial, as histopathology remains the gold standard for accurate diagnosis and to prevent unnecessary extensive surgery.
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