In vitro Inhibition of Candida albicans and Oral Cancer by Phenylbutenoids from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Rhizomes
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The active compounds from Zingiber cassumunar (Plai) are phenylbutenoids, which exhibit analgesic effect, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Oral cancer and denture stomatitis are dental problems causing pain and health impacts
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and cytotoxic effects on oral cancer cells of the Plai extracts and active compounds.
Methods: This study was designed as an in vitro experimental research. Dried and fresh rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (plai) were extracted with hexane to obtain crude extracts. The major compounds, (E)-4-(3′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol (DMPBD) and (E)-4-(3′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol dimers (DMPBD dimers), were further isolated using column chromatography. The obtained substances were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion method, and for cytotoxicity against human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB cell line) using the MTT assay. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and differences in inhibitory efficacy among groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The crude extract from fresh plai rhizomes inhibited C. albicans at concentrations of 5,000 and 10,000 µg/mL, whereas DMPBD showed inhibitory effects at 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 µg/mL. The inhibitory activities of both substances were significantly different (p < 0.05) compared with fluconazole. In contrast, the crude extract from dried plai and DMPBD dimers did not exhibit significant antifungal activity against C. albicans. Regarding cytotoxicity Human oral epidermoid carcinoma cell line (KB cell line), DMPBD demonstrated the most potent activity, with an IC50 value of 64.99 µg/mL, followed by the crude extracts from fresh and dried plai. The differences in cytotoxic effects were statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared with doxorubicin.
Conclusions: The crude extract from fresh plai and DMPBD were able to inhibit C. albicans, with DMPBD showing the most potent inhibitory effect on the growth of human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB cell line), followed by the crude extracts from fresh and dried plai, respectively. In contrast, DMPBD dimers exhibited no inhibitory activity.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Lauritano D, Moreo G, Della Vella F, Di Stasio D, Carinci F, Lucchese A, et al. Oral Health Status and Need for Oral Care in an Aging Population: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16(22):4558. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224558.
Ploysawang P, Rojanamatin J, Prapakorn S, Jamsri P, Pangmuang P, Seeda K, et al. National Cervical Cancer Screening in Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021;22(1):25-30. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.1.25.
จิราพร ขีดดี, สุรัตน์ มงคลชัยอรัญญา, นพวรรณ โพชนุกูล, พัชรวรรณ สุขุมาลินท์. ผลการสำรวจสภาวะสุขภาพช่องปาก. ใน: จิราพร ขีดดี, สุรัตน์ มงคลชัยอรัญญา, นพวรรณ โพชนุกูล, พัชรวรรณ สุขุมาลินท์. พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 1. กรุงเทพฯ : บริษัท สามเจริญพาณิชย์ (กรุงเทพ) จำกัด ; 2561 : 15-21.
Bhuiyan MNI, Chowdhury JU, Begum J. Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from leaf and rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2008;3(2):69-73. doi:10.3329/bjp.v3i2.844.
Jeenapongsa R, Yoovathaworn K, Sriwatanakul KM, Pongprayoon U, Sriwatanakul K. Anti-inflammatory activity of (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) butadiene from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;87(2-3):143-8. doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00098-9.
Jantan IB, Yassin MS, Chin CB, Chen LL, Sim NL. Antifungal activity of the essential oils of nine Zingiberaceae species. Pharm Biol 2003;41(5):392-7. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.41.5.392.15941
Han AR, Kim MS, Jeong YH, Lee SK, Seo EK. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory phenylbutenoids from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005;53(11):1466-8. doi: 10.1248/cpb.53.1466.
Pithayanukul P, Tubprasert J, Wuthi-Udomlert M. In vitro antimicrobial activity of Zingiber cassumunar (Plai) oil and a 5% Plai oil gel. Phytother Res 2007;21(2):164-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2048
Lee JW, Min HY, Han AR, Chung HJ, Park EJ, Park HJ, et al. Growth inhibition and induction of G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human lung cancer cells by a phenylbutenoid dimer isolated from Zingiber cassumunar. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30(8):1561-4. doi: 10.1248/bpb.30.1561.
Silverstein RM, Bassler GC. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. J Chem Educ 1962;39(11):546. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed039p546
Skoog DA, Holler FJ, Crouch SR. Time-Domain Information. In: Skoog DA, Holler FJ, Crouch SR. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. 7th.ed. Australia : Cengage Learning ; 2018 : 6.
Alaeddini M, Fouladdel S, Etemad-Moghadam S, Azizi E. Expression of fascin protein and mRNA in the KB carcinoma cell line following treatment with doxorubicin. J Cancer Res Ther 2011;7(4):427-32. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.92009.
Johnson-Arbor K, Dubey R. Doxorubicin. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2025 Jan 15]. Available from:URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459232/
Lim TK. Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Vol. 1. Netherlands : Springer Dordrecht ; 2012.
Kabkrathok P, Jarussophon S, Unger O, Lomarat P, Reutrakul V, Pittayanurak P, et al. Mass spectral analysis of secondary metabolites from Zingiber montanum rhizome extract using UHPLC-HR-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Phytochem Anal 2022;33(1):57-71. doi: 10.1002/pca.3068.
Yang J, Lv J, Cheng S, Jing T, Meng T, Huo D, et al. Recent Progresses in Chalcone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023;23(11):1265-83. doi: 10.2174/1871520623666230223112530.
