Risk factors of COVID-19 Pneumonia and Pulmonary Function Outcomes among Pediatric COVID-19 Pneumonia at Debaratana Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital
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Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pneumonia is new emerging disease and impact on the health of children. Factors associated with severe pneumonia in children and long-term follow-up of patients are still limited.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of pneumonia in children infected with COVID-19 and follow up on the treatment outcomes of pediatric patients after COVID-19 infection at Debaratana Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted on all pediatric patients infected with COVID-19 at Debaratana Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital from January 1st 2021, to December 31st 2022.
Results: The pediatric pneumonia prevalence was 46.3% (99 cases). Chest X-ray results showed bilateral perihilar infiltration in 29.9% (64 cases), multilobar lung infiltrates in 18.7% (40 cases), and GGO in 11.7% (25 cases). Factors significantly associated with pneumonia incidence at the 0.05 level included: Overweight/obesity (Adj. OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.0-4.8; p = 0.044). Fever (Adj. OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.3-4.8; p = 0.006). Heart rate (Adj. OR = 1.0, 95%CI = 1.0-1.0; p = 0.012). High CRP levels (Adj. OR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.0-3.9; p = 0.040)
Conclusion: Pediatric pneumonia had a prevalence of 46.3%. Factors affecting pneumonia incidence included overweight/obese fever heart rate and high CRP. Additionally, our findings suggest that general abnormal symptoms and abnormal pulmonary function may persist for 3 months after recovery from COVID-19 in pediatric patients.
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